Sunday, July 6, 2008
GE has its money back from its enrichment game
June 20, 2008
HARTFORD, Conn.—A Canadian uranium producer has joined a venture of GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy to commercially enrich uranium for nuclear power plants, the companies announced Friday.
Cameco Corp., a uranium producer based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, will invest $123.8 million to acquire a 24 percent stake in the venture, Global Laser Enrichment. General Electric will hold 51 percent and Hitachi will own 25 percent.
Enriching uranium is a key part of producing fuel for light water nuclear power plants.
Fairfield-based General Electric Co. and Tokyo-based Hitachi Ltd. launched a joint nuclear business in July 2007 to capitalize on rising demand for electricity and concerns about carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired plants.
The rapidly rising price of oil has brought renewed attention to nuclear energy, which has been sidelined over safety concerns. On Wednesday, Arizona Sen. John McCain, the presumptive Republican presidential nominee, called for construction of 45 nuclear reactors by 2030.
The Wilmington, N.C.-based GE Hitachi said in announcing the Cameco deal that utilities will need to build between 20 and 25 reactors by 2030 to maintain the 20 percent of U.S. energy now produced by nuclear power. There are now 104 licensed nuclear reactors operating in the United States.
"We do think there are a lot of opportunities for our business," said Lisa Price, a senior vice president at GE Hitachi. "We think the environment is attractive for nuclear."
Startup of a commercial enrichment facility at GE Hitachi's headquarters is projected for 2012, "assuming commercialization goes as we hope after the testing phase," Price said.
Potential customers for the GE Hitachi-Cameco venture are not only reactors that GE Hitachi may build, but any utility with a nuclear reactor, Price said.
Saturday, July 5, 2008
Inreresting ideas
An unexcited deuterium molecule, before being tugged into vibration by a hydrogen atom. Credit and Larger Version
July 3, 2008
View a video representing a collision between a molecule of deuterium and a radical hydrogen atom.
Until now, it was commonly thought that colliding molecules get the shakes as the result of energy transfer solely from the smashing of the molecules, but some new research adds a second means by which colliding molecules become vibrationally excited--it is being called the "Tug o' War Mechanism."
The new experiment, transforming the textbook story, was performed in the lab of Richard Zare, chair of the Department of Chemistry at Stanford University. This work on energy transferring, or inelastic, collisions is featured in the July 3, 2008 issue of the journal Nature.
"How energy transfer occurs in molecular collisions is a topic of deep interest to chemists, for energy transfer is often the precursor to chemical transformations," Zare said. "This is the reason why I regard finding a new mechanism for energizing molecules through collisions to be of such potential importance."
"The work by Zare and his colleagues shows an interesting and unexpected result," shared Charles Pibel, director of the Physical Chemistry Program at the National Science Foundation (NSF). "The conventional wisdom had been that most collisions between molecules excite vibrational motion through a hard impact, like a piano's hammer striking a string."
But instead of molecules impacting and deflecting backwards, the Tug o' War Mechanism stretches the molecule and then releases it, starting the molecule rattling. The effect is "more like a violinist, plucking a string, pizzicato." In the collisions studied by the Zare group, a lone hydrogen atom tugs on one end of a deuterium molecule and lets go, exciting the molecular deuterium into vibration.
More generally, the Tug o' War Mechanism comes into play when a certain type of unstable species, a free radical, looms down a path for collision with another molecule. Because free radicals lack a properly balanced shell of electrons, they are more susceptible to the mechanism than other types of atoms or molecules.
Sometimes a collision between a free radical and another molecule rips apart chemical bonds and atoms are exchanged amongst the colliding partners--that is, a chemical reaction takes place. However, other times when free radicals approach other molecules, this Tug o' War Mechanism stretches the molecule without breaking the bonds.
In this way, free radicals act like renegades attempting to steal atoms from their parent molecule by tugging them away. But if a collision is not at the right angle, the radical might not be able to break the bonds of the molecule. It releases its hold on the nearest atom, or atoms, and then departs. The frustrated, or unsuccessful, chemical reaction nevertheless imparts some energy on the victim of the free radical attack. It is this energy that sets the molecule off dancing with a new vibrational pattern.
The research, funded by NSF, was led by Noah T. Goldberg at Stanford University and Stuart J. Greaves at the University of Bristol, U.K., and included Zare, Jianyang Zhang and Daniel J. Miller, all from Stanford University, and Eckart Wrede from the University of Durham, U.K.
Award Abstract #0650414 State-to-State Reaction Dynamics
NSF Org:
CHE Division of Chemistry
Initial Amendment Date:
August 14, 2007
Latest Amendment Date:
June 23, 2008
Award Number:
0650414
Award Instrument:
Continuing grant
Program Manager:
Charles D. Pibel CHE Division of ChemistryMPS Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences
Start Date:
September 1, 2007
Expires:
August 31, 2009 (Estimated)
Awarded Amount to Date:
$540842
Investigator(s):
Richard Zare zare@stanford.edu(Principal Investigator)
Sponsor:
Stanford University 651 Serra Street, Room 220 STANFORD, CA 94305 650/723-2300
NSF Program(s):
SPECTROSCOPY
Field Application(s):
Program Reference Code(s):
OTHR,0000
Program Element Code(s):
1962
ABSTRACTIn this award, funded by the Experimental Physical Chemistry Program of the Chemistry Division Prof. Richard N. Zare of Stanford University and his postdoctoral and graduate student colleagues will examine chemical reactions with the most exquisite detail. Prof. Zare and his group will continue their studies of state-to-state reaction dynamics in fundamental chemical systems, seeking to identify how chemical reactions depend upon the precise distribution of molecular excitation within the reacting partners, and to probe the deposition of the energy into the chemical products. The ultimate goal of these studies is to understand, at the most fundamental level, the driving forces for chemical reactions. The centerpiece of this work will be the study of the reaction and inelastic scattering of a hydrogen atom with molecular hydrogen. Prof. Zare will continue to serve as a mentor to a diverse group of young scientists, and will continue in his wide ranging efforts at educating the public about the importance of science. In this regard, Prof. Zare's service as a host of WONDERFEST is emblematic; WONDERFEST is a Bay Area celebration of science and attracts over one thousand people a year to learn about and debate upon current topics in science.
Friday, July 4, 2008
Incentive Compensation, Nuclear Safety and other related matters
Lightning: How things work!
FOIA request for INPO SER 76-84
Date:
6/22/2008 11:44:16 A.M. Mountain Daylight Time
From:
Bobleyse
Reply To:
To:
FOIA.resource@nrc.gov
CC:
BCC:
Sent on:
Sent from the Internet (Details)
Internet Address Card Attached
Information Notice No. 85-86: Lightning Strikes at Nuclear Power references INPO SER 76-84. This discloses that NRC has INPO SER 76-84. This is my request under FOIA to be provided with a copy of INPO SER 76-84.
Information Notice No. 85-86: Lightning Strikes at Nuclear Power ...
However, INPO SER 76-84 covers this latter subject as well as summarizing earlier INPO documents dealing with lightning strikes at nuclear power plants. ...www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/gen-comm/info-notices/1985/in85086.html - 23k - Cached - Similar pages
Robert H. Leyse bobleyse@aol.com
You may click on the following slides to enlarge and then use your back button to continue to the next slide.
I was on the staff of the long-defunct Nuclear Safety Analysis Center (NSAC) when I wrote the following Significant Event Report . In line with the above directive from staff at the Institute for Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) the report was trashed. However, I manged to recover a copy of my original Report. 
The NRC, on November 5, 1985, issued the following Information Notice regarding lightning strikes. In contrast to INPO's rejection of my above SER that is dated 12-Aug-8o, the NRC included the Lightning strike at Salem on June 9, 1980, in its Information Notice that is dated November 5, 1985. I wonder if the INPO report, INPO SER 76-80, that is referenced by the NRC in its Information Notice, includes the Salem event that INPO effectively censored on 12-AUG-80.
Here is NRC Information Notice 85-86:
SSINS No.: 6835 IN 85-86
UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
OFFICE OF INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENT WASHINGTON, D.C. 20555
November 5, 1985 Information Notice No. 85-86:
LIGHTNING STRIKES AT NUCLEAR POWER GENERATING STATIONS
Addressees: All nuclear power reactor facilities holding an operating license (OL) or a construction permit (CP).
Purpose: This notice is provided to alert recipients of a potentially significant problem of reactor trips and instrument damage caused by lightning strikes. It is expected that recipients will review the information for applicabilityto their facilities and consider actions, if appropriate, to preclude a similar problem occurring at their facilities. However, suggestions contained in this notice do not constitute NRC requirements; therefore, no specific action or written response is required. The NRC is continuing to evaluate pertinent information. Recipients of this notice will be notified of additional information or if specific actions arerequired.
Description of Circumstances: A number of plant trips and instrumentation problems attributable to lightning have occurred over the past 6 years. Since solid state circuitry designs are being increasingly employed in safety related systems, the impact of lightning induced line surges on those circuits is emphasized in this notice. Descriptions of several of the more significant events are presented below. Events involving lightning strikes of switchyards and the consequential impact on power distribution systems are not covered by this notice. However, INPO SER 76-84 covers this latter subject as well as summarizing earlier INPO documents dealing with lightning strikes at nuclearpower plants.
Zion Power Station Units 1 and 2
On August 17, 1979, both units tripped simultaneously during a severe lightning storm. Investigation indicated that a lightning strike in close proximity to the plant caused either a momentary surge or interruption in the ac power supply circuits to the rod control power supply cabinets. This transient tripped the overload protection devices for the dc power supply cabinet, resulting in a power interruption to the control rod stationary gripper coils, 8511010020 . IN 85-86 November 5, 1985 Page 2 of 4 which caused the rods to drop into the core. The resulting high, negative flux rate initiated the reactor trip signal. Tests verified that noise induced on the ac input to one power supply would actuate the overvoltage protection trips on the main and auxiliary power supplies. In addition to the noise spikes, one Unit 2, 24-V positive power supply was damaged by the lightning strike and had to be replaced. The following corrective actions were initiated:
o The control rod system neutral was isolated from the station ground.
o The overvoltage protection trip setting was changed from 27 to 29 V. o A low-pass filter was installed on the input to each 24-V positive power supply.
o A volt trap (a voltage suppressor circuit designed to reduce large voltage surges and noise induced by lightning strikes) was installed across the 50-ohm motor generator neutral resistor.
o A volt trap was installed across the power feed to the auxiliary power supply.
o The power feed for the auxiliary power supply was changed from the 480-V system to the control rod drive (CRD) motor generators.
Zion Unit 2 experienced additional reactor trips attributed to lightning on April 3 and July 16, 1980, before the above listed corrective actions were implemented. In these cases it was determined that the transient tripped theoverload protection devices, as was the case in the trip of both units on August 17, 1979. However, no power supplies or other equipment were damaged during the latter two trips.
Again, on December 2, 1982, Zion Unit 2 reactor tripped from 100% power during an electrical storm. It was concluded that lightning induced a disturbance in the electrical system causing a reactor trip from a generatortrip. Additional lightning protection for the containment building was provided and the static wire associated with the 345-kV line was isolated from the power station structural steel.
Salem Power Station Unit 1
On June 9, 1980 the reactor tripped during an electrical storm. Lightning struck at the south penetration area of reactor containment causing a transient on seven main steam pressure transmitters. Two of these pressure transmitters were damaged and had to be replaced. The transient caused a high steam line pressure differential reactor trip signal and a safety injection signal. The licensee believes the lightning strike hit main steam vent pipes which extend above the penetration area roof and the surge was carried into the building via piping connections.
Kewaunee Power Station
On August 19, 1980, two of four instrument busses lost power during an electrical storm. This resulted in a spurious safety injection (SI) actuation signal, and the unit tripped from full power. In addition to inducing the instrumentation transients, the inverter fuses were blown. These fuses were replaced, and no other evidence of equipment failure was observed.
Byron Power Station Unit 1
On July 13, 1985, when lightning struck the Unit 1 containment, the reactor tripped from approximately 11% power because of induced voltage surges in instrument and control cables in one of four containment penetration areas. The induced voltage caused failure of four rod drive power supplies, including 1 redundant pair. The failure of the redundant supplies resulted in 10 control rods dropping into the core. A power range negative-flux-rate reactor trip resulted from the rod insertion. In addition to the reactor trip, damage occurred to 30 plant instruments. The following systems were affected by the damaged instrumentation: protection channel II, one train ofthe 48-volt power supply for the solid state protection system, the meteorological tower, control rod drive, and loose-parts monitoring.
A review of cable routings showed that a significant common denominator existed in containment penetrations. All damaged instruments were associatedwith cables passing through penetrations located in one containment region. In addition to the damaged instrumentation, the lightning damaged a significant amount of security equipment.
The licensee determined that an improved lightning protection system was required to prevent recurrence of a similar incident. By installing copper conductors, external to containment, from the roof mounted lightning rods directly to ground rods in the earth, a low impedance path to ground was provided for future lightning strikes. This modification is similar to the Zion modification described above.
Arkansas Power Station Unit 2
On August 5, 1985, the reactor tripped from 100% power on a low departure- from-nucleate-boiling ratio (DNBR) signal as the result of a lightning strike transient induced in two of the core protection system channels. The licensee's followup investigation revealed no damage to the plant's electrical equipment or instrumentation measuring systems.
No specific action or written response is required by this information notice. If you have any questions about this matter, please contact the Regional Administrator of the appropriate regional office or this office.
Edward L. Jordan, Director, Division of Emergency Preparedness and Engineering Response, Office of Inspection and Enforcement.
Today, July 13, 2008, I found the following in my July 2008 copy of Nuclear News. "Millstone 2 tripped off the line on May 22 either because of a lightning strike on the main transformer or a grid disturbance on from a lightning strike on a transmission line offsite. ... Millstone 2 returned to service on May 28.">
Thursday, July 3, 2008
Wednesday, July 2, 2008
History, GETR, July 20, 1962
Subject:
RE: Fee Estimate NRC FOIA Case 2008-0264
Date:
7/8/2008 12:27:35 P.M. Mountain Daylight Time
From:
Leroy.Winters@nrc.gov
Reply To:
To:
Bobleyse@aol.com
CC:
BCC:
Sent on:
Sent from the Internet (Details)
Sir
Yes, you are correct, the NRC is obligated to maintain a copy of the information you requested, however, it still requires an extensive amount of search to locate the information you are requesting.
Per our letter to you on June 25, 2008, your request has been placed under category, "Non-excepted," which requires you to pay for search and duplication fees. There is no charge for the first two hours of search and the first 100 pages are free.
Your request has been placed in SUSPENSE until you notify us of your willingness to pay fees. If no response is received within 10 working days, the NRC will presume that you have no further interest in the NRC processing your request and will close your case.
Thanks in advance.
Leroy Winters, Jr.
FOIA Specialist
301-415-6574
301415-5130
From: Bobleyse@aol.com [mailto:Bobleyse@aol.com] Sent: Wednesday, July 02, 2008 11:19 AMTo: Leroy WintersCc: CHAIRMAN ResourceSubject: Re: Fee Estimate NRC FOIA Case 2008-0264
Mr. Leroy Winters, Jr.
I do not agree to pay the fee. The NRC is obligated to have this file under GETR license TR-1. If it will expedite your search, I will send a copy of the reference letter, GE to Lowenstein, September 7, 1962. Please let me know if I should send the GE to Lowenstein letter; it is a very lengthy (25 page) and detailed disclosure of events at GETR in the time frame of July 20,1962. The GE to Lowenstein letter is a rare and classic release, a vital historical document, and it must be retained by the NRC,
Robert H. Leyse
In a message dated 7/2/2008 7:58:07 A.M. Mountain Daylight Time, Leroy.Winters@nrc.gov writes:
Mr Leyse:
Attached is the fee estimate to process the above mentioned Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Please reply to this email or by fax whether or not you agree to pay the fee associated with processing your request.
If no response is received within 10 working days from the date of this email, the NRC will presume that you have no further interest in the NRC processing your request and will close the file on your request.
Thanks in advance.
LEROY WINTERS, JR.
FOIA Specialist
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
301-415-6574
301-415-5130 - fax
Of course, there is more to this, and I'll cover that at my convenience.
Subject:
Re: Fee Estimate NRC FOIA Case 2008-0264
Date:
7/2/2008 9:19:23 A.M. Mountain Daylight Time
From:
Bobleyse
Subject:
Re: Fee Estimate NRC FOIA Case 2008-0264
Date:
7/2/2008 9:19:23 A.M. Mountain Daylight Time
From:
Bobleyse
Reply To:
To:
Leroy.Winters@nrc.gov
CC:
chairman@nrc.gov
BCC:
Sent on:
Sent from the Internet (Details)
Internet Address Card Attached
Mr. Leroy Winters, Jr.
I do not agree to pay the fee. The NRC is obligated to have this file under GETR license TR-1. If it will expedite your search, I will send a copy of the reference letter, GE to Lowenstein, September 7, 1962. Please let me know if I should send the GE to Lowenstein letter; it is a very lengthy (25 page) and detailed disclosure of events at GETR in the time frame of July 20,1962. The GE to Lowenstein letter is a rare and classic release, a vital historical document, and it must be retained by the NRC,
Robert H. Leyse

