Argonne performed single rod and also small bundle tests (four rods) with zircaloy clad fuel rod simulators.
From ANL-7609 we learn: "A true simulation of loss-0f-coolant accident conditions requires a large number of fuel rods to achieve a realistic thermal environment for each rod." (page 24 of 38)
Then on page 25 of 38, Argonne describes the assembly: These rods were assembled on 0.6 in. centers in a square lattice by means of Teflon end plugs. Two W%-Re/W26-Re thermocouples were positioned between the grooved UO2 pellets and the cladding, one facing the center of the bundle and the other facing the perimeter. This assembly was then installed inside a quartz steam jacket (1 9/16 in. ID).
The text continues its case for multirod assemblies:
The temperature gradient observed between inner and outer edges of each rod, and the subsequent longitudinal rupture of the cladding along the inner walls of the four-rod bundle, indicate the desirability for additional experiments using more rods per bundle - for example, a center rod with at least one, and preferably two, outer rows of rods.
You may view ANL-7609; especially pages 24 and 25 of 38:
http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/4132278-dAViPP/
The NRC reviewers of my denied petition for rulemaking, PRM-50-76, missed this pertinent ANL document. I will so inform the five NRC Commissioners. The NRC must also include this reference in reviewing the pending PRM-50-93. And it is especially relevant to the Fukushima case.
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